Day 24 Act V · The King & the Legacy the navy, 1650s–1680

Master of the Sea

A king of the mountains looks out at the waves — and builds ships, and forts that rise straight out of the sea. Tonight: the Maratha navy, and the one island fort he could never take.

01

The forts of the sea

Arabian Sea KONKAN Kalyan — the first shipyard Khanderi (1679) Janjira the Siddis' — never taken Padmadurg Suvarnadurg Vijaydurg Sindhudurg begun 1664 · off Malvan
A wall of forts along the waves. From the first shipyard at Kalyan to Sindhudurg in the south, Shivaji's sea forts guarded the Konkan — all except one rock he could never take: the Siddis' Janjira.

📍 See the sea forts on the real map →

02

Tonight's telling

About 10 minutes, read aloud slowly · choose your language

Tonight the last act begins: The King & the Legacy. For the next few nights we will see not just how Shivaji fought, but what kind of king he was, and what he left behind. And we begin somewhere new. We have spent so long in the mountains that we have almost forgotten the sea. But Shivaji never forgot it.

Remember Day 8, when Shivaji won Javali and opened the door to the Konkan, the long green coast along the Arabian Sea? Once that door was open, he faced a new kind of danger. The sea was full of powerful strangers: the Portuguese with their great ships and cannon, English and Dutch traders, and — most dangerous of all to the coast — the Siddis, fierce sailors who raided the Konkan villages from their island fortress.

Who were the Siddis? Remember them from our very first night — "fierce sailors who held an island fort no one could crack." Their families had come to India from Africa long before, and they were famous seamen and soldiers. They served first the Deccan sultans and later the Mughal emperor as admirals, and from their island they could strike anywhere along the coast.

Shivaji understood something that very few kings of his time in India understood: whoever rules the sea can guard the coast, protect the traders, and keep the fishing villages safe. A kingdom with a long coastline and no ships is like a house with no door. So this king of the mountains decided to build a navy.

But how do you build ships if your people have never built warships before? Shivaji began at the creeks near Kalyan, in the north of the Konkan, in the late 1650s. He even hired Portuguese carpenters who knew how to build ocean-going ships. When the Portuguese viceroy found out, he ordered his men to stop helping. But by then the work had begun, and the building went on.

The Maratha ships were not giant galleons. Most were fast, light vessels called gurab and galbat, which could dart through shallow coastal waters and hide in creeks where big ships could not follow — ganimi kava, but on the water! Over the years Shivaji's fleet grew to many dozens of warships, along with many more small boats.

Then he began something even bolder: forts that rose straight out of the sea. The greatest of them is Sindhudurg, "the sea fort," built on a rocky island called Kurte, just off the town of Malvan. Its first stone was laid in November 1664, and it took about three years to finish. Its walls rise right up from the waves, and its gate is hidden so cleverly that it is hard to see from the sea.

Inside Sindhudurg, people show you something wonderful: the print of a hand and a foot pressed into the lime, which tradition says were made by Shivaji himself while the fort was being built. (We cannot be sure they are his — but imagine the king pressing his palm into the wet lime of his own sea fort!)

Along the coast, other sea forts were built or strengthened: Vijaydurg, "the fort of victory"; Suvarnadurg, "the golden fort"; and, later, Khanderi, on a small island near the mouth of Bombay harbour. Building Khanderi in 1679 was dangerous work: the English and the Siddis attacked again and again, but the Maratha boats fought back so cleverly that they even captured an English ship, and Khanderi was finished.

But there was one fortress that Shivaji could never take, and we should tell it honestly. Off the coast stood Janjira, the island stronghold of the Siddis, with massive walls rising from the sea. Shivaji attacked it again and again — and failed every time. Even his great commanders could not break it. Janjira was never taken by the Marathas at all.

And here is the lesson inside that failure. When Shivaji could not take Janjira, he did not give up on the sea. He built his own island fort, Padmadurg, right near Janjira, to keep watch on it — and he built Sindhudurg and his other sea forts to make his coast strong. Even the greatest heroes have limits. What matters is what you build when you meet one.

Now for the honest part. The dates of the very first ships, and the size of the fleet, vary between accounts. The hand- and footprints are tradition. And the famous title "Father of the Indian Navy" is a loving honour given to Shivaji in our own times, not a title from his day. But this is certain: he built a real navy and real sea forts, when few Indian rulers of his time thought about the sea at all.

And the story did not end with him. After his time, Maratha admirals like Kanhoji Angre kept that navy strong along the coast for many years. And in 2022, when the Indian Navy chose a new flag, its badge was given an eight-sided shape inspired by Shivaji's royal seal — the very Rajmudra we met on Day 6, the crescent-moon seal that promised to grow.

Tomorrow we travel far from the sea — south, all the way to the land of the Tamil kings, on Shivaji's longest journey of all, where he meets the brother he hardly knew.

Goodnight — tonight's badge: armar, "the navy" — a wise king guards every door of his land, even the one that opens onto the sea.

Day 8 opened the door to the sea; tonight Shivaji guards it. And the Rajmudra from Day 6 sails on today, on the Indian Navy's flag. Janjira reminds us: even heroes have limits — and build anyway.

Say it out loud

आरमारarmar
AAR-maar
a navy, a war-fleet
सिंधुदुर्गSindhudurg
SIN-dhu-durg
the great sea fort off Malvan
जंजिराJanjira
jan-JEE-raa
the Siddis' island fortress
जलदुर्गjaldurg
JAL-durg
a water fort, built in the sea
गुराबgurab
gu-RAAB
a Maratha warship
कान्होजी आंग्रेKanhoji Angre
KAAN-ho-jee AAN-gray
a later Maratha admiral
03

Tonight's collectible

The twenty-fourth badge — Act V begins

A mountain king who looked out to sea. The badge carries both lessons of the night: think beyond what everyone else is doing — and when you meet a limit, like Janjira, build something anyway.

↻ Hover or tap the coin to turn it over.

04

For the grown-up reading aloud

The history of the Maratha navy — and a modern honour, kept in its place.

History

Ships and shipyards

Shivaji's first warships were built at Kalyan–Bhiwandi, usually dated 1657–58 (some say c. 1654), initially with Portuguese shipwrights (the Viegas family) until the Portuguese viceroy withdrew them. The fleet relied on light craft such as gurabs and galbats; estimates of its size vary widely.

History

The sea forts

Sindhudurg on Kurte island off Malvan: foundation laid 25 November 1664, completed c. 1667; it became the navy's headquarters. Vijaydurg and Suvarnadurg were strengthened; Khanderi was fortified in 1679 despite English and Siddi opposition (an English vessel was captured), the dispute ending in a treaty in 1680. All four are part of the 2025 UNESCO listing. The hand and foot impressions at Sindhudurg are tradition.

History

Janjira, the fort he never took

The Siddis' island fortress of Janjira withstood repeated attacks by Shivaji (and later Sambhaji) and was never captured by the Marathas. Shivaji built Padmadurg nearby as a counter-fort. It is a good example to share with children of a great figure meeting a real limit.

Legacy

"Father of the Indian Navy" and the 2022 ensign

"Father of the Indian Navy" is a modern honorific. The navy's tradition continued under admirals such as Kanhoji Angre in the 18th century. On 2 September 2022 the Indian Navy unveiled a new ensign whose octagonal badge is described as inspired by Shivaji's Rajmudra.

05

The thirty-night journey

I · Dream is Born ✓
II · Lion Rises ✓
III · Shaking Empires ✓
IV · The Crown ✓
V · King & Legacy
Tonight Nights to come Nights told

Fact & legend, kept honest

History
Shivaji built a navy from the late 1650s and a chain of sea forts — Sindhudurg (begun 1664), Vijaydurg, Suvarnadurg, Khanderi (1679), Padmadurg — but never took Janjira.
Debated
The date of the first ships and the size of the fleet.
Tradition
The hand and foot impressions at Sindhudurg; "Father of the Indian Navy" is a modern honorific.