Day 25 Act V · The King & the Legacy 1677–78 · the far south

The Southern Campaign

Shivaji's longest journey: across the Deccan to Hyderabad, down to the great fort of Gingee, and to the riverbank where he meets the half-brother he hardly knew. Tonight: a quarrel, and a peace.

01

The long road south

Arabian Sea Bay of Bengal Kollidam river Raigad Hyderabad (Golconda) Srisailam Vellore Gingee Thanjavur (Ekoji) Bangalore — Shahaji's old lands the long road south, 1677
More than a year away from home. Shivaji rode east to Hyderabad, south past Srisailam to Gingee and Vellore, and to the Kollidam river near Thanjavur — then back home through the lands where his father Shahaji had once ruled.

📍 See Gingee on the real map →

02

Tonight's telling

About 10 minutes, read aloud slowly · choose your language

Tonight we leave both the mountains and the sea behind, for the longest journey of Shivaji's whole life. In 1677, three years after his coronation, the Chhatrapati rode far to the south — all the way to the land of the Tamil kings, where the rivers run into the Bay of Bengal.

Why go so far? Partly because of family. Do you remember Shivaji's father, Shahaji, who spent so many years serving the sultans far in the south? For a long time Shahaji had ruled lands there, around Bangalore. After his death, those lands were held by Shivaji's half-brother, Ekoji — and Shivaji believed part of their father's inheritance was his. And partly because of the future: a rich southern territory, with strong forts, would make swarajya safer if the Mughals ever came at it with all their might.

But first, he needed a friend. To the east lay the sultanate of Golconda, ruled from the city of Hyderabad, and its affairs were run by two clever brothers, the ministers Madanna and Akkanna. They and Shivaji agreed to work together. Early in 1677, Shivaji rode into Hyderabad in a grand procession, and the people crowded the streets to see the famous king. Golconda promised money and cannon; Shivaji would lead the campaign in the south.

On the way south he stopped at Srisailam, a famous temple of Shiva high in the hills above the Krishna river. He stayed there for about ten days, and is remembered for giving gifts toward a great gateway tower for the temple — which people still call the Shivaji Gopuram today.

Then he marched on to Gingee, one of the strongest forts in all the south: three rocky hills, joined together by mighty walls, rising out of the plain. In 1677 its commander handed it over to Shivaji after talks, without a long siege. Shivaji had its walls and bastions made even stronger.

Not far away stood Vellore, a great fort with a deep, wide moat all around it. Vellore did not give in so easily. Shivaji left part of his army to besiege it, and it held out for many months, until it finally fell the following year.

And now the hardest part of the journey: family. Ekoji was Shivaji's half-brother — a son of their father Shahaji by another wife. He had grown up far away in the south, and the two brothers hardly knew each other. By now Ekoji had made himself king of Thanjavur, a rich old kingdom on the Kaveri river.

Shivaji marched close to Thanjavur, and camped on the north bank of the Kollidam river, a branch of the Kaveri. And he did something thoughtful: he did not cross the river. He stayed on his side, as a sign that he had come to talk, not to fight. Then he invited his brother to meet him.

The brothers met. Shivaji asked for his share of their father's lands. But Ekoji would not agree, and the talks went round and round without an answer. In the end Ekoji slipped away back to Thanjavur by night, and nothing was settled. Later, as Shivaji was on his way home, Ekoji's army even fought Shivaji's commanders in the south — and was beaten.

So who made the peace? A woman named Dipabai, Ekoji's wife. Shivaji respected her deeply, and she was wise. She talked with Shivaji's people, and she talked with her husband, and slowly she brought them closer. Shivaji also wrote his brother a long letter, full of sharp words and brotherly advice. In the end an agreement was reached, and much of the land the brothers had argued over was given to Dipabai, to pass down in her family. The quarrel was over.

There is a lesson in that, for every family. Brothers and sisters do argue, sometimes about things that seem very important. But a quarrel can end in peace when someone wise and patient helps everyone listen — and when each side is willing to give a little.

Shivaji came home, to Panhala, in 1678, after being away for well over a year. He had won Gingee and Vellore, and a stretch of rich land in the south, and made his kingdom far larger than before.

And Ekoji's family? They went on ruling Thanjavur for nearly two hundred years, until 1855 — a Marathi-speaking royal family deep in the Tamil country. One of them, a king named Serfoji the Second, added thousands of precious books and manuscripts to a great old library, the Saraswati Mahal, which you can still visit in Thanjavur today.

And here is why that mattered so much. Years later, after Shivaji's time, the Mughal emperor marched into Maharashtra with a gigantic army. Shivaji's younger son, Rajaram, slipped away to faraway Gingee and ruled from there, and from that southern fortress the Marathas kept on fighting. The fort Shivaji won in 1677 helped save his kingdom. Today Gingee is one of the twelve forts recognised together by UNESCO in 2025.

Now for the honest part. The dates and the numbers of this long campaign vary between accounts, and so do the details of the brothers' meeting. Golconda's sultan was not pleased when Shivaji kept Gingee for himself, and stopped sending money. And the exact terms of the brothers' agreement are told in different ways.

Goodnight — tonight's badge: samet, "making peace" — even brothers quarrel, and even brothers can make it right.

Day 2 mentioned Shahaji "far away in the south" — tonight Shivaji finally travels there. And notice who makes the peace: not a general, but Dipabai. Gingee will matter again, long after this night.

Say it out loud

एकोजीEkoji (Venkoji)
AY-ko-jee
Shivaji's half-brother, king of Thanjavur
दीपाबाईDipabai
DEE-paa-baa-ee
Ekoji's wife, the peacemaker
जिंजीGingee
JIN-jee
the three-hill fortress in the south
गोवळकोंडाGolconda
GOV-ḷa-koṇ-ḍaa
the sultanate of Hyderabad
तंजावरThanjavur
TAN-jaa-var
Ekoji's kingdom on the Kaveri
समेटsamet
sa-MAYṬ
reconciliation, making peace
03

Tonight's collectible

The twenty-fifth badge

The night's great fort is Gingee — but its great lesson is at home. A quarrel between brothers, a camp that stayed on its own side of the river, and a wise woman who helped them both listen.

↻ Hover or tap the coin to turn it over.

04

For the grown-up reading aloud

The Dakshin Digvijay of 1677–78, in brief — and the family quarrel at its heart.

History

Golconda, Srisailam, Gingee, Vellore

Allied with Golconda through the ministers Madanna and Akkanna, Shivaji visited Hyderabad early in 1677 and received money and artillery for a campaign into the Carnatic. He stayed about ten days at Srisailam, where a gopuram is associated with his gifts. Gingee was obtained by negotiation in 1677 and strengthened; Vellore fell after a long siege in 1678. Golconda, which expected a share, was displeased when Shivaji kept Gingee.

History

Ekoji (Vyankoji) and the inheritance

Ekoji (Vyankoji) Bhosale, Shahaji's son by another wife, held Shahaji's southern jagir and had made himself ruler of Thanjavur. Shivaji camped on the north bank of the Kollidam (Coleroon), declining to cross, and pressed his claim to a share of the inheritance; the talks failed. Ekoji's forces were defeated by Shivaji's commanders in November 1677. A settlement followed, with Ekoji's wife Dipabai mediating and much of the disputed property assigned to her and her descendants; Shivaji also wrote Ekoji a long letter of rebuke and counsel.

Legacy

Gingee after Shivaji

During Aurangzeb's invasion of the Deccan, Rajaram moved to Gingee (1689) and directed Maratha resistance from there until it fell in 1698. Gingee is one of the twelve components of the 2025 UNESCO Maratha Military Landscapes of India, and the only one outside Maharashtra.

Debated

Dates, numbers and details

Chronology, troop strengths and the details of the brothers' meeting and settlement vary between accounts; the campaign is often dated late 1676 to mid-1678. A popular story that Shivaji wished to give up his life at Srisailam is not well attested and is left out.

05

The thirty-night journey

I · Dream is Born ✓
II · Lion Rises ✓
III · Shaking Empires ✓
IV · The Crown ✓
V · King & Legacy
Tonight Nights to come Nights told

Fact & legend, kept honest

History
In 1677–78 Shivaji allied with Golconda, visited Hyderabad and Srisailam, took Gingee and Vellore, and disputed Shahaji's inheritance with Ekoji; a settlement followed, with Dipabai mediating.
Debated
Chronology and numbers; the details of the brothers' meeting and the settlement's exact terms.